In 1999, he was sentenced to six years in prison for corruption, and in 2000, to another nine years for sodomy. In 2004, the Federal Court reversed the second conviction and he was released. In July 2008, he was arrested over allegations he sodomised a male aide, and faces new sodomy charges in the Malaysian courts.

On 26 August 2008, Anwar won re-election in the Permatang Pauh by-election and returned to Parliament as leader of the Malaysian opposition. He has stated the need for liberalisation, including an independent judiciary and free media, to combat the endemic corruption that he considers pushes Malaysia close to failed state status

In November 2006, Anwar announced he planned to run for Parliament in 2008, after his disqualification expired. Anwar has been critical of government policies since his release from prison, most notably of the controversial New Economic Policy (NEP), which provides affirmative action for the Bumiputras. The policy sets a number of quotas, such as for units of housing and initial public offerings, that must be met.

He is also the Advisor of Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the party of which his wife Dr. Wan Azizah is president. He was in the forefront in organising a November 2007 mass rally, called the 2007 Bersih Rally, which took place in the Dataran Merdeka Kuala Lumpur to demand clean and fair elections. The gathering was organised by BERSIH, a coalition comprising political parties and civil society groups, and drew supporters from all over the country.

The 2008 election date, however, was set for 8 March 2008, sparking criticisms that Barisan Nasional called for early elections in a bid to deny Anwar's plans for a return to Parliament. In response, Anwar's wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, declared that she would step down should she retain her Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat to force a by-election in which Anwar himself would contest.

When asked about the possibility of Anwar becoming the next Prime Minister, former leader Tun Dr. Mahathir reacted by saying rather sarcastically, "He would make a good Prime Minister of Israel".

On April 14, 2008, Anwar celebrated his official return to the political stage, as his ban from public office expired a decade after he was fired as Deputy Prime Minister. One of the main reasons the opposition seized a third of parliamentary seats and five states in the worst ever showing for the Barisan Nasional coalition that has ruled for half a century, was due to him leading at the helm. A gathering of more than 1,000 supporters greeted Anwar in a rally welcoming his return to politics. Police interrupted Anwar after he had addressed the rally for nearly two hours and called for him to stop the gathering since there was no legal permission for the rally.

On April 29, 2008, after 10 years of absence, he returned to the Parliament, albeit upon invitation as a spouse guest of Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, People's Justice Party and the first female opposition leader in Malaysian Parliament's history.

University of Westminster, London; 19 March 2010
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Batu Caves, Selangor; 11th February 2010
Save Malaysia Rally at Batu Caves Part 1 of 6

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Press Conference at the London School of Economics (LSE) - 18th March 2010
APCO Should Not Be Involved In The Domestic Politics

On Malaysian Economy

You Can't Fight UMNO's Racism With Racist Agenda

Race Relations In Malaysia

Press Conference at the London School of Economics (Bahasa Malaysia)

Siapa bela APCO (Israel), Umno?
Ucapan Ketua Pembangkang Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim membahaskan Usul Menteri Di Jabatan Perdana Menteri menghadapkan beliau kepada Jawatankuasa Hak dan Kebebasan mengenai Isu 1Malaysia 1Israel pada 22 April 2010

Siapa bela APCO (Israel), Umno? Part 1 of 3

Siapa bela APCO (Israel), Umno? Part 2 of 3

Siapa bela APCO (Israel), Umno? Part 3 of 3

Umno, Judi, APCO dan Israel; 8 Jun 2010
Umno, Judi, APCO dan Israel (1) - Ceramah Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim di Stadium Selayang pada 8 Jun 2010. Turut hadir Dato' Seri Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang, Dr Tan Seng Giaw, Dato' Mahfuz Omar, Azmin Ali.

Umno, Judi, APCO dan Israel Part 1 of 3

Umno, Judi, APCO dan Israel Part 2 of 3

Umno, Judi, APCO dan Israel Part 3 of 3

Perbahasan Bajet 2011 - Oct 18, 2010
Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim - Part 1 of 3

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From 513 to 1Malaysia:
Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim Part 1 of 2

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mediarakyat - Mar 7, 2010
Sultan Sulaiman Club, Kg Baru, Kuala Lumpur, : Pakatan Rakyat 2nd Anniversary.

Celebration Rally - Part 1 of 5

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Selangor Pakatan Rakyat 2010 Convention
Anwar Ibrahim - Part 1 of 2

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Pakatan Rakyat Sabah Kota Kinabalu 2010 CNYAnwar Ibrahim - Part 1 of 5

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Di Stadium Malawati Shah Alam: 1st July 2008
Meliwat-liwat Anwar Ibrahim Part 1 of 7

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